History of Aquaculture

Farming fish is an ancient practice that has been used the world over to feed growing populations. The first instances of aquaculture can be traced back to 5000BC, when Chinese farmers began cultivating carp to feed small villages. Since then, aquaculturists have developed techniques, skills and efficient means of producing healthy seafood. With knowledge gained from ancient techniques, as well as from responsible marine stewardship, the aquaculture industry has continued to develop and improve the efficiency and sustainability of the industry.

As China’s cultivation of carp grew, other countries began to develop similar methods to create a reliable source of food for their people. Japan began cultivating oysters around 2000BC and, 500 years later, Egypt developed a Tilapia culture. Over time, countries such as China, Japan, Egypt, and Indonesia began using fish farming as a source of food to support their populations year-round. Oyster, shrimp, eel, mussel and carp farming were popular for these countries. In 1741, Germany established the first trout hatchery; however, it was not until 1850-60 that major Salmonid-culture practices became well established in Europe.

Japan established the first commercial shrimp farm in the 1950’s, a practice which quickly spread to the US, Asia, and South America. Norway was able to establish the first salmon industry in 1970, leading to further innovations and making fish farming available globally.

Nova Scotia

The first occurrence of aquaculture in Nova Scotia dates back to First Nation’s proto-aquaculture practices. These practices included the transfer of fish species from one river or stream to another to help maintain a viable fish population. The Mi’kmaq also created small ponds to hold fish and eels, while others were designated for the “planting” of oysters.

In the 1970’s, Eskasoni First Nation undertook an oyster project in the Bras d’Or lakes which consisted of the controlled farming of oysters. However, the biophysical properties of the lakes (minimal tides, two-thirds full salinity and stratified waters) raised questions about its suitability for oysters. This led to further investigations, prompting the development of a rainbow trout and salmon farm.

This experience inspired fish farmers to develop new strategies for maintaining a feasible aquaculture industry in Nova Scotia. Finfish and shellfish farming began to grow and expand, offering people jobs on the water in the rural communities they love. The Aquaculture Association of Nova Scotia was founded in 1977 to support the development of aquatic farmers in the province.

Surrounded by the ocean, Nova Scotia relies heavily on the naturally abundant ecosystem that provides optimal conditions for fish farming and a sustainable food source. Nova Scotia is well equipped to support the needs of fish farmers from the early First Nation’s techniques to the modern technologies available today. Growing the aquaculture industry provides Nova Scotians with sustainable, long-term jobs that keep them in their communities and on the water.